battle of the santa cruz islands

In the Battle of Santa Cruz Islands, October 26, 1942, the Japanese again tried to drive the United States' forces from Guadalcanal. This ease of approach was soon countered by an extremely high level of anti-aircraft fire as the Japanese began their attack. 26 October 1942 Contributed by Richard Worth, David Williams, Richard Leonard, Tony DiGiulian and Mark Horan. Other aircraft inflicted significant damage on the heavy cruiser Chikuma. The Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands, fought during 25–27 October 1942, sometimes referred to as the Battle of Santa Cruz or in Japan as the Battle of the South Pacific (Japanese: 南太平洋海戦 Minamitaiheiyō kaisen), was the fourth carrier battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II. The Japanese proved faster and soon a large force was heading towards Hornet. Task Force 16. Hornet sank months later, in October 1942 in the Battle of Santa Cruz Island in a fight to push Japanese forces out of the southern Solomon Islands. Kennedy Hickman is a historian, museum director, and curator who specializes in military and naval history. Released: 2021 | Rebox (Updated/New parts) In an effort to break this stalemate, the Japanese planned a massive offensive on the island for October 20-25. At the same time, Nagumo was directed to withdraw the stricken Shokaku and damaged Zuiho. (2020, August 26). Scale: 1:700. 25-Oct-42 Guadalcanal : a busy day of full Japanese support against an expected consolidation of the expected seizure of Henderson Field, as well as naval elements on both sides jockey for the positions that create the next day’s Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands. Drachinifel's Analysis of the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands Sign in to follow this . The Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands, fought during 25–27 October 1942, sometimes referred to as the Battle of Santa Cruz or Third Battle of Solomon Sea, in Japan as the Battle of the South Pacific (Japanese: 南太平洋海戦 Minamitaiheiyō kaisen), was the fourth aircraft carrier battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II. As the Japanese ground offensive engaged U.S. forces in the battle for Guadalcanal’s Henderson Field, U.S. and Japanese ships and aircraft confronted each other on the morning of 26 October, just north of the Santa Cruz Islands. Around 8:40 AM, the opposing forces passed with a brief aerial melee ensuing. The Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands was fought 25–27 October 1942 in the waters northwest of the Santa Cruz Islands by forces of the Imperial Japanese Navy's (IJN) Combined Fleet and the United States Navy's (USN) Pacific Fleet. Using destroyers known as the "Tokyo Express," the Japanese were able to bolster their garrison on Guadalcanal. Assessing the situation and correctly believing the Japanese to have two undamaged carriers, Kinkaid decided to withdraw the damaged Enterprise at 11:35 AM. This factor also prevented any further significant participation of Japanese carrier forces in the Guadalcanal campaign. World War II: Battle of Santa Cruz. STRATEGIC OVERVIEW AND COMPARISON OF OPPOSING FORCES . The next focused their attack on the undamaged carrier around 10:08 AM. Six minutes later, it successfully evaded an attack by aircraft from Junyo. Around 8:52 AM, the Japanese spotted Hornet, but missed Enterprise as it was hidden in squall. Prelude Campaign The Battle for Henderson Field With Imperial Japanese Army troops still vainly struggling to subdue the beleaguered U.S. Marines who stubbornly clung to the Henderson Field perimeter like a drowning sailor to a preserver, Imperial General Headquarters was loath to leave the situation alone. Ultimately, U.S. losses were one carrier sunk and another severely damaged, one destroyer sunk and two heavily damaged, and 81 aircraft. … SantaCruzChart.jpg 640 × 921; 90 KB. Battle of Santa Cruz map-fr.svg 1,345 × 1,343; 146 KB. At Santa Cruz, scout bombers in the U.S. Navy’s dawn search succeeded in damaging the Japanese light carrier Zuiho. Launching a final set of raids, Kondo's aircraft located the Hornet just as the crew was beginning to restore power. Centered on Enterprise and Hornet, they swept north to the Santa Cruz Islands on October 25 searching for the Japanese. Task Force 61. "World War II: Battle of Santa Cruz." The Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands, fought during 25–27 October 1942, sometimes referred to as the Battle of Santa Cruz or in Japan as the Battle of the South Pacific (Japanese: 南太平洋海戦 Minamitaiheiyō kaisen), was the fourth carrier battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II. Drachinifel's Analysis of the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands. The Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands, fought during 25–27 October 1942, sometimes referred to as the Battle of Santa Cruz or in Japanese sources as the Battle of the South Pacific (南太平洋海戦? Rather than form a massed force, American F4F Wildcats, Dauntlesses, and TBF Avenger torpedo bombers began moving towards the Japanese in smaller groups. The Battle of Santa Cruz was fought October 25-27, 1942, during World War II (1939-1945) and was part of a series of naval actions tied to the ongoing Battle of Guadalcanal. Assembling forces, command for the operation was given to Vice Admiral Nobutake Kondo who would personally lead the Advance Force which was centered on the carrier Junyo. Facing a superior enemy force, Enterprise and Hornet launched multiple strikes, before being attacked in turn. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/battle-of-santa-cruz-2361423. The first was speeding repairs to Enterprise, allowing the ship to return to action and join with Hornet on October 23. 26 OCTOBER 1942. Following the Battle of the Eastern Solomons in August 1942, the US Navy was left with three carriers in the area. This was to be supported by Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto's Combined Fleet which would maneuver to the east with the goal of bringing the remaining American carriers to battle and sinking them. Due to command and control issues the American combat air patrol was largely ineffective and the Japanese were able to focus their attack on Hornet against light aerial opposition. Then they head to waters east of Santa Cruz Islands. In October 1942, the Imperial Japanese Navy appeared to be narrowly winning the battle for control of the seas around Guadalcanal. Battle of Santa Cruz Islands, 26 October 1942. Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI) Combat Narratives—Solomon Islands Campaign: V Battle of Santa Cruz Islands, 26 October 1942, Vignette: Lieutenant Commander William J. With Nagumo launching, Kondo ordered Abe to move towards the Americans while he worked to bring Junyo within range. "Gus" Widhelm of Scouting Eight, Battle of Santa Cruz Islands, 26 October 1942. Moving forward with their ground offensive on October 23, Japanese forces were defeated during the Battle for Henderson Field. The next night, in heavy rain, the Marines and the Americal regiment fought off still another Japanese assault. After those U.S. Navy map from 1943 showing approximate tracks of Japanese and U.S. ships and aircraft during the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands, October 26, 1942. On 7 August 1942, Allied forces (primarily U.S.) landed on Japanese-occupied Guadalcanal, Tulagi, and Florida Islands in the Solomon Islands. Carrier Strike: The Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands, October 1942 (The Guadalcanal Battles Series Book 4) There are minor islands, controlled by Japan, in hexes 0213, 0314, 0414, 0615, 0716, 0816 and 0917. Planes from Hornet severely damaged carrier Shokaku, and cruiser Chikuma. The other to was to remove the increasingly ineffective Vice Admiral Robert L. Ghormley and replace him as Commander, South Pacific Area with aggressive Vice Admiral William "Bull" Halsey on October 18. The Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands After the 7 August invasion of Guadalcanal and stand-up of Henderson Field , Admiral Yamamoto’s original counter was primarily to destroy the U.S. fleet including U.S. carriers but with an obvious but parallel goal to retake the island utilizing ground forces, land based air, and bombardment by surface forces. Bomb Explosion on Enterprise at the Battle of Eastern Solomons. Battle of Santa Cruz Islands, 26 October 1942 A Japanese Type 99 shipboard bomber (Allied codename Val) trails smoke as it dives toward Hornet (CV-8), during the morning of 26 October 1942. World War II: Battle of the Eastern Solomons, World War II Pacific: The Japanese Advance Stopped, World War II: Naval Battle of Guadalcanal, World War II: Admiral Frank Jack Fletcher, World War II: Battle of Empress Augusta Bay, World War II: Battle of the Philippine Sea, M.S., Information and Library Science, Drexel University, B.A., History and Political Science, Pennsylvania State University, 2 carriers, 1 battleship, 6 cruisers, & 14 destroyers, 4 carriers, 4 battleships, 10 cruisers, & 22 destroyers. On fire and dead in the water, Hornet's crew began a massive damage control operation which saw the fires brought under control by 10:00 AM. Despite their successes, the Japanese also had to retire because of high aircraft (99) losses and significant damage to both of their carriers, a heavy cruiser, and a light cruiser. Although the enemy could claim a tactical victory, it was never able to make up for the loss of veteran aircrew personnel—contributing to the Allies’ longer-term strategic advantage. The Battle of Santa Cruz Island took place 26 October 42 without contact between surface ships of the opposing forces. While repairs quickly progressed on USS Enterprise (CV-6), which had been damaged at Eastern Solomons, the Allies were able to retain daytime air superiority due to the presence of aircraft at Henderson Field on Guadalcanal. Type: Full kit. [Battle of Cape Esperance] The battles of Cape Esperance, 11 October 1942 and Santa Cruz Islands, 26 October 1942. Though they took heavy losses, the Japanese succeeded in hitting Hornet with three bombs and two torpedoes. The following 4 files are in this category, out of 4 total. With the Battle of Guadalcanal raging, Allied and Japanese naval forces clashed repeatedly in the area around the Solomon Islands. Aware he had been spotted, Nagumo turned north. In support of a major ground offensive by the Imperial Japanese Army, Japanese carriers and other large warships were positioned near the southern Solomons in the hope of drawing out and decisively defeating Allied naval forces. Remaining out of range through the day, the Japanese turned south after midnight and began closing the distance with the American carriers. RAdm Thomas C. Kinkaid. Hornet was lost in the battle (80-G-33947). Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands. This plane struck the ship's stack and then her flight deck. Though a Japanese victory on the surface, the fighting at Santa Cruz saw them sustain heavy aircrew losses which exceeded those taken at Coral Sea and Midway. In this light, the battle may be seen as a strategic victory for the Allies. Note anti-aircraft shell burst between Hornet and the camera, with its fragments striking the water nearby. In addition, heavy damage was sustained to Shokaku which removed it from operations for nine months. Enterprise under attack at the Battle of Santa Cruz Islands. Santa Cruz Islands are in hex 1618. At 11:03 AM, an American PBY Catalina spotted Nagumo's Main Body, but the range was too far for launching a strike. In the course of the attack, the Japanese aircraft took heavy losses. The battle of the Santa Cruz Islands (26 October 1942) was an indecisive carrier battle during the Guadalcanal campaign that ended with one American carrier sunk and two Japanese carriers damaged, but that had little impact on the fighting on the island. Noumea is in hex 1630, at the bottom of the playing area. You need to play a total of 20 battles to post in this section. Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, (20 April 1657).In 1654, Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the republican Commonwealth, declared war on Spain, unleashing English fleets to attack Spanish shipping and colonies in the Caribbean and Atlantic.In 1657, Admiral Robert Blake destroyed a Spanish treasure fleet in a daring raid at Santa Cruz de Tenerife in the Canary Islands. While many of these involved surface forces in the narrow waters off Guadalcanal, others saw the adversaries' carrier forces clash in attempts to alter the strategic balance of the campaign. ThoughtCo, Aug. 26, 2020, thoughtco.com/battle-of-santa-cruz-2361423. The battle resulted from a major Japanese offensive with the goal to drive the US forces from Guadalcanal. On October 26, the two fleets began exchanging air attacks which ultimately saw the Japanese suffer one carrier heavily damaged and the Allies lose USS Hornet (CV-8). Again attacking through intense anti-aircraft fire, the Japanese scored two bomb hits, but failed to connect with any torpedoes. The Battle of Santa Cruz was fought October 25-27, 1942, during World War II (1939-1945) and was part of a series of naval actions tied to the ongoing Battle of Guadalcanal. A Japanese Type 99 shipboard bomber (Allied codename Val) trails smoke as it dives toward Hornet (CV-8), during the morning of 26 October 1942. While the Japanese were planning, Admiral Chester Nimitz, Commander-in-Chief, Pacific Ocean Areas, made two moves to change the situation in the Solomons. ThoughtCo. He has appeared on The History Channel as a featured expert. As a result, the Japanese carriers played no further offensive role in the Solomon Islands Campaign. For more details, see our Privacy Policy. The Japanese prepare a major campaign to recapture Henderson Field . The landings initiated the six-month-lon… After an exchange of attacks by carrier aircraft, U.S. warships were forced to retreat from the battle area. https://www.thoughtco.com/battle-of-santa-cruz-2361423 (accessed April 17, 2021). Part two of the deadly saga of the Solomons plays out at the Santa Cruz Islands. With it, as a sort of by-product, came the carrier action known as the Battle of Santa Cruz Islands. As a result of this standoff, the two sides were roughly equal in strength. Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands - 26 October 1942 (Read More... Santa Cruz is widely recognized as the most violent carrier-vs-carrier battle of the Second World War. "World War II: Battle of Santa Cruz." Hickman, Kennedy. The US controls minor islands in hexes 1118 and 1218 as well as Guadalcanal and Espiritu Santo. The Battle of Santa Cruz cost the Allies a carrier, destroyer, 81 aircraft, and 266 killed, as well as damage to Enterprise. The Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands was the fourth carrier battle in the Pacific War, following the Battle of the Eastern Solomons (August 24-25, 1942), Battle of Midway (June 4-6, 1942) and the Battle of the Coral Sea (May 4-8, 1942). Having built up troops on the island in preparation for a major offensive, the Japanese moved naval forces to the area with the goal of attaining a decisive victory over their counterparts and sinking the remaining Allied carriers. In October 1942, as part of the Guadalcanal campaign, the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands was fought between U.S. and Japanese carrier task forces. Arriving over Nagumo's carriers, the first American dive bombers concentrated their attack on Shokaku, striking the ship with three to six bombs and inflicting heavy damage. Departing the area, Enterprise began recovering aircraft while the cruiser USS Northampton worked to take Hornet under tow. The Battle of Santa Cruz Prelude Campaign and Battle 11th October to 26th October 1942. As the first wave of Japanese aircraft departed, they spotted Enterprise and reported its position. Media in category "Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands". As a result, the Japanese carriers would play no further role in the Guadalcanal Campaign. Despite this, Japanese naval forces continued to seek battle to the east. The drive to take Henderson Field, however, ended in bloody failure. … Attacking, they quickly reduced the damaged carrier to a burning hulk forcing the crew to abandon ship. Hickman, Kennedy. As the Americans were moving away, Zuikaku and Junyo began landing the few aircraft that were returning from the morning's strikes. 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Halsey, anticipating a Japanese move into the waters northeast of Guadalcanal, ordered Kinkaid to sweep north of the Santa Cruz islands - a small, malaria-infested chain 700 miles north of New Caledonia - to engage the Japanese fleet. These aircraft were not able operate effectively at night and in the darkness control of the waters around the island reverted to the Japanese. This was followed by Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumo's Main Body containing the carriers Shokaku, Zuikaku, and Zuiho. This was quickly reduced to one, USS Hornet (CV-8), after USS Saratoga (CV-3) was badly damaged by a torpedo (August 31) and withdrawn and USS Wasp (CV-7) was sunk by I-19 (September 14). The malarial Santa Cruz Islands bear three hundred miles east of the Solomons, and might remain unknown to history but for the fourth carrier battle of World War II’s Pacific Campaign, fought nearby in October 1942, and known as the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands. Though Allied ship losses were higher, the Japanese suffered heavy casualties among their air crews. Hickman, Kennedy. SantaCruzChart2.jpg 475 × 418; 42 KB. These necessitated withdrawing Zuikaku and the uncommitted Hiyo to Japan to train new air groups. Shortly before 7:00 AM on October 26, both sides located each other and began racing to launch strikes. CARRIER STRIKEThe Battle of the Santa Cruz IslandsOctober 1942Eric HammelThe Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands, a strategic naval action in the bitter Guadalcanal Campaign, was history’s fourth carrier-versus-carrier naval battle. By Avenge_December_7, February 5 in Historical Discussions and Studies. The landings on the islands were meant to deny their use by the Japanese as bases for threatening the supply routes between the U.S. and Australia, and to secure the islands as starting points for a campaign with the eventual goal of isolating the major Japanese base at Rabaul while also supporting the Allied New Guinea campaign. This allowed supplies and reinforcements to be brought the island. Initiative. Number: SPS14. A few months after Midway, the JNAF sustained similar casualty rates in the Battle of the Eastern Solomons and Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands, and it was these battles, combined with the constant attrition of veterans during the Solomons campaign, which were the catalyst for the sharp downward spiral in operational capability. BATTLE OF THE SANTA CRUZ ISLANDS. Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands. World War II. You can opt-out at any time. Followers 1. That morning Enterprise planes bombed carrier Zuiho. Later, Hornet dive bombers busted up the flight deck of the fleet carrier Shokaku. ), was the fourth carrier battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II and the fourth major naval engagement fought between the United States Navy and the Imperial Japanese Navy during the lengthy and … American Forces. In the course of launching, two American SBD Dauntless dive bombers, which had been serving as scouts, hit Zuiho twice damaging its flight deck. Countering these efforts were two task forces under the operational control of Rear Admiral Thomas Kinkaid. Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands CV-8 Hornet Vs Japanese Navy Air Corps. Supporting the Japanese carrier forces was Rear Admiral Hiroaki Abe's Vanguard Force which consisted of battleships and heavy cruisers. The Battles of Cape Esperance and Santa Cruz Islands Combat Navvative, 75th Anniversary Edition (Click image to download PDF, ___MB), Colloquium on Contemporary History 1989-1998, DANFS - Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, Needs and Opportunities in the Modern History of the U.S. Navy, Permitting Policy and Resource Management, "Ex Scientia Tridens": The U.S. Japanese losses totaled 99 aircraft and between 400 and 500 killed. 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